Abrasion Scrapes: Causes, Why They Bleed, Healing Process, and Care Tips

An abrasion is a superficial wound caused by friction that removes the epidermis (top skin layer). It is the most common type of scrape.

Why They Bleed

The epidermis contains a dense network of capillaries. Even superficial abrasions disrupt these vessels, causing pinpoint or oozing bleeding. Deeper abrasions reaching the dermis bleed more profusely.

Healing Process

1. Hemostasis: Platelet plug, fibrin clot forms scab.
2. Inflammation: Neutrophils, macrophages clear debris/bacteria (days 1–3).
3. Proliferation: Keratinocytes migrate from edges; granulation tissue forms; collagen deposition (days 3–14).
4. Remodeling: Collagen reorganizes; scar matures (weeks to months).

Proper Care

• Clean gently with saline or mild soap/water. Avoid hydrogen peroxide/alcohol (cytotoxic).
• Apply thin layer petroleum jelly or antibiotic ointment.
• Cover with non-adherent dressing (Telfa) + gauze. Change daily or if wet/soiled.
• Keep moist—moist wound healing is faster and less scarring.
• Protect from sun (prevent hyperpigmentation).
• Tetanus booster if >10 years (or >5 if dirty/complex).

Signs of Infection

• Increasing redness, warmth, swelling, pain.
• Purulent discharge, red streaks (lymphangitis).
• Fever > 100.4°F (38°C).

Most abrasions heal in 7–14 days without scarring if kept clean and moist.