Braille Punctuation Symbols and Common Contractions

Punctuation (6-dot cell)

Symbol	Dots
Period	6
Comma	5
Colon	5,6
Semicolon	3,5,6
Exclamation	2
Question mark	2,3
Apostrophe	4
Hyphen	4,5
Quotation mark	4,6
Parentheses	1,2 (open), 2,3 (close)
Brackets	1,2,3 (open), 2,3,4 (close)
Braces	1,2,4,5 (open), 2,3,5,6 (close)

Common Contractions (Grade 2)

Word	Dots
and	1,3
of	1,4,5
the	2,3,4,5
for	1,5
to	1,2,5
it	2
was	2,3,5
in	2,4
on	1,3,5
by	1,2,4
with	3,4,5
not	2,6
but	2,3
or	1,2,3
which	1,3,4
when	1,4
where	1,2,4

Contractions increase reading speed and save space.