Myelin Sheath: Formation, Cells & Functions - A Comprehensive Guide

Myelin sheath is mainly formed by specialized glial cells. In the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocytes are responsible for creating the myelin sheath, while in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), Schwann cells perform this function. These glial cells wrap their membrane around the axon in multiple concentric layers, resulting in the formation of an insulating coating called the myelin sheath.