What causes a perforated ulcer?

Perforated ulcers are usually caused by an infection with the H. pylori bacteria. Other causes include:

-Certain NSAIDs

-Steroids

-Cocaine

-Smoking

-Excessive alcohol intake

-Liver disease

-Stress

-Radiation

-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

In rare cases, an ulcer can also perforate as a result of injury or trauma.