Volleyball Head Impact: Concussion Symptoms, Diagnosis & Recovery Steps

Immediate Action Required

If you suspect concussion after volleyball head impact, seek medical evaluation immediately. Do not return to play same day.

Concussion Signs & Symptoms

Physical

• Headache, pressure in head
• Nausea, vomiting
• Dizziness, balance problems
• Fatigue, drowsiness
• Sensitivity to light/noise
• Blurred/double vision

Cognitive

• Confusion, feeling "foggy"
• Memory problems (retrograde/anterograde)
• Difficulty concentrating
• Slowed thinking

Emotional

• Irritability, sadness, nervousness
• More emotional than usual

Sleep

• Drowsiness, sleeping more/less than usual
• Trouble falling asleep

Medical Evaluation

• Clinical assessment: SCAT6, VOMS, neurological exam
• Imaging: CT/MRI not routinely needed unless focal deficits, worsening, or concern for structural injury
• Diagnosis is clinical - no single test confirms concussion

Recovery Protocol (Graduated Return-to-Sport)

1. Relative rest 24-48h: Cognitive & physical; screen limits
2. Light aerobic: Walking, stationary bike (no resistance)
3. Sport-specific exercise: Running drills, no head impact
4. Non-contact training: Complex drills, resistance training
5. Full contact practice: After medical clearance
6. Return to competition

Each step: 24h minimum; if symptoms recur, drop back one step.

Critical Do's & Don'ts

• ✓ Follow medical guidance exactly
• ✓ Academic accommodations (return-to-learn parallel)
• ✓ Sleep hygiene, hydration, nutrition
• ✗ No NSAIDs first 24h (theoretical bleed risk)
• ✗ No alcohol, sedatives
• ✗ No driving until cleared
• ✗ No same-day return to play (legally mandated in most states)