Epidermis and Dermis: How Skin Layers Receive Nourishment

The epidermis (outer layer) is avascular—it has no blood vessels. It receives oxygen and nutrients via diffusion from the underlying dermis, which contains a rich capillary network. This diffusion supports keratinocyte proliferation, barrier function, and wound healing.

The dermis also houses nerve endings, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands. The hypodermis (subcutaneous fat) provides insulation and energy storage.