Limb Reduction Defects: Causes, Symptoms & Understanding

Limb reduction defects occur in an affected fetus during the mother's pregnancy. Over a thousand babies are born with this defect each year. Currently, there is no known cause or method of prevention.

Definition

• Limb reduction defect is a birth defect in which all or some of the limbs of a fetus do not completely form while in utero. The defect may result in the affected limb being either smaller in size or completely missing. The defect can affect both the upper and lower limbs.

Causes

• There is no known cause of limb reduction defect, although there are several potential risk factors. If the mother has been exposed to certain viruses or chemicals while pregnant, the risks of a limb defect increase. Also certain types of medications have been shown to increase the risk of the defect as well.

Complications

• Children with limb reductions suffer various complications, depending on the severity and type of limb defect. Some children have difficulty with everyday tasks and are slow to develop solid motor skills, resulting in a lack of physical activity. Many children also have emotional issues due to their outward physical appearance and limitations.

Treatment

• There is currently no cure for limb defects, however, children born with limb reductions can still lead happy, healthy lives. Shortened or missing limbs may be artificially extended through the use of prosthetics, or splints. Through extensive physical therapy, the child can learn how to increase strength and flexibility to do normal tasks. In some cases, surgery may be an option. Check with your pediatrician for information on available treatments.