Mononucleosis (Mono): Transmission, Symptoms, and Prevention

Transmission

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) spreads via saliva—"kissing disease." Also: sharing drinks/utensils, cough/sneeze droplets. Less commonly: blood transfusion, organ transplant.

Key Facts

• Most infected in childhood (asymptomatic).
• Adolescent/young adult infection → symptomatic mono (fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, fatigue, splenomegaly).
• Virus persists lifelong in B cells; can reactivate (usually asymptomatic).
• Incubation: 4–6 weeks.

Prevention

• Avoid sharing saliva-contaminated items.
• Good hygiene.
• No vaccine yet (in development).

Complications

• Splenic rupture (avoid contact sports 3–4 weeks).
• Hepatitis, airway obstruction, neurologic issues (rare).