Fibrous Dysplasia: Clinical Manifestations and Rare Complications

Common Features

• Bone pain (often dull, activity-related)
• Swelling/deformity
• Pathologic fractures
• Limp (lower extremity involvement)
• Bone tenderness

Rare but Important Complications

• Craniofacial involvement: Hearing loss (otic capsule), vision loss (optic canal), cranial nerve palsies.
• Endocrine: Precocious puberty (McCune-Albright), hyperthyroidism, acromegaly, PHP.
• Malignant transformation: <1% risk (osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma).
• Skin: Café-au-lait spots (McCune-Albright).

Diagnosis & Monitoring

Imaging (X-ray, CT, MRI, bone scan) + histology if needed. Bisphosphonates may reduce pain/fracture risk. Surgical correction for deformity/fracture. Multidisciplinary care for syndromic forms.