Encephalitis and Seizures: Mechanisms Linking Inflammation to Epileptogenesis

Encephalitis triggers seizures through multiple intertwined pathways:

1. Neuroinflammation disrupts neuronal excitability.
2. Cortical irritation from edema and inflammatory infiltrates.
3. Neurotransmitter imbalance (excess glutamate, reduced GABA).
4. Cerebral edema raises intracranial pressure, impairing perfusion.
5. Structural damage to seizure-prone regions (hippocampus, temporal cortex).

Clinical Implication

Seizures worsen neuronal injury; aggressive seizure control (benzodiazepines, ASMs) and immunomodulation (steroids, IVIG) are critical.