Spinal Puncture Risks: Understanding Potential Complications

Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) is generally safe but carries risks:

1. Post-Dural Puncture Headache: Most common (up to 30%); CSF leak → low pressure; positional headache lasting days.
2. Bleeding/Hematoma: Epidural or subdural hematoma compressing cord/nerves.
3. Infection (Meningitis): Introduction of bacteria; rare with sterile technique.
4. Nerve Root Injury: Transient paresthesia or radiculopathy.
5. Back Pain: Local tenderness at puncture site.
6. Allergic Reaction: To local anesthetic (rare).

Risk Mitigation

• Experienced operator, sterile technique, atraumatic needles.
• Bed rest post-procedure (evidence varies).
• Hydration.

Discuss risks/benefits with your provider before the procedure.