Protein S Deficiency: Causes, Symptoms & Management

Protein S deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot properly. It is caused by a deficiency of protein S, a protein that helps control blood clotting.

Protein S deficiency can be inherited or acquired. Inherited protein S deficiency is caused by a mutation in the PROC gene, which codes for protein S. Acquired protein S deficiency can be caused by a number of factors, including:

* Liver disease

* Kidney disease

* Pregnancy

* Certain medications, such as warfarin (Coumadin)

Protein S deficiency can cause a variety of bleeding problems, including:

* Easy bruising

* Nosebleeds

* Heavy menstrual bleeding

* Bleeding after surgery or childbirth

* Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

* Pulmonary embolism (PE)

Treatment for protein S deficiency typically involves:

* Medications to stop bleeding

* Blood transfusions

* Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)

* Protein S concentrate

In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove a blood clot.

Protein S deficiency is a serious condition, but it can be managed with proper treatment.