Understanding the Menstrual Cycle: Phases, Hormones & Ovulation

1. Menstrual Phase (Day 1 - 5)

- In this phase, the uterine lining (endometrium) sheds and is expelled from the body through menstruation.

- The levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone are low.

2. Follicular Phase (Day 6-14)

- The levels of estrogen rise, stimulating the growth and maturation of follicles in the ovaries.

- Ovulation occurs when a mature egg is released from one of the ovaries (usually around day 14).

3. Luteal Phase (Day 15 - 28)

- The corpus luteum (the remains of the follicle after ovulation) produces progesterone and estrogen.

- These hormones help thicken the uterine lining in preparation for the implantation of a fertilized egg.

- If implantation does not occur, the levels of progesterone and estrogen drop, leading to the breakdown of the uterine lining, and the menstrual cycle begins again.