Non-Infectious Diseases: Asthma as a Prime Example

Asthma is a chronic non-communicable (non-infectious) respiratory disease. It cannot spread person-to-person.

Pathophysiology

• Chronic airway inflammation
• Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
• Reversible airflow obstruction (bronchoconstriction, mucus, edema)

Triggers (Not Causes)

• Allergens (pollen, dust mites, mold, pet dander)
• Irritants (smoke, pollution, strong odors, cold air)
• Respiratory infections (viruses)
• Exercise, stress, emotions
• Medications (aspirin/NSAIDs in sensitive individuals, beta-blockers)

Etiology

Complex interplay of genetics (atopy, family history), environment (early allergen exposure, microbiome, pollution), and immune dysregulation (Th2-mediated).

Management: Inhaled corticosteroids (controllers), SABA (relievers), trigger avoidance, action plan. Not curable but highly controllable.