Mumps: Transmission, Symptoms & Prevention

Mumps is a contagious viral illness caused by the mumps virus (paramyxovirus).

Transmission

• Respiratory droplets (cough, sneeze).
• Direct contact with saliva (sharing cups, utensils, kissing).
• Fomites (contaminated surfaces).
• Infectious: ~2 days before to 5 days after parotitis onset.

Symptoms

• Parotitis (swollen, tender parotid glands) – hallmark, 30–40% unilateral.
• Fever, headache, myalgia, fatigue, anorexia.
• Complications: orchitis (testicular inflammation, 15–30% post-pubertal males), oophoritis, meningitis, encephalitis, pancreatitis, deafness (rare).

Prevention

• MMR vaccine: 2 doses (12–15 mo, 4–6 yr); 88% effective against mumps.
• Isolation during infectious period.
• Hygiene: handwashing, not sharing saliva-contaminated items.

No specific antiviral; supportive care only. Vaccination is key.