Tuberculosis Transmission: How TB Spreads
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting lungs. Active TB spreads via airborne droplets when infected persons cough, sneeze, speak, or sing.
Transmission Modes
- Airborne: Primary mode. Droplets with M. tuberculosis remain suspended for hours; inhalation causes infection.
- Close Contact: Prolonged, close contact (household, workplace) increases risk; highest in same household.
- Reactivation: Prior latent infection reactivates when immune system weakens (HIV/AIDS, diabetes, cancer).
TB is not spread by casual contact (handshakes, brief encounters). Highest risk with close, prolonged exposure.
If you have persistent cough, fever, night sweats, or weight loss, see a healthcare provider for evaluation and treatment to prevent transmission.
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