Leukotriene Synthesis: Definition, Types & Role in Immunity

Leukotriene is one example of an eicosanoid. "Eicosanoids" is a collective term for prostaglandin and related compounds. They are referred to as the "local hormones" of the body. They have various roles in the regulation of the immune system.

Classification

• Leukotrienes are classified into two types: cysteinyl and non-cysteinyl. Cysteinyl leukotrienes include C4, D4 and E4, while the non-cysteinyl leukotriene is B4.

Synthesis

• The synthesis of leukotrienes follows a linear pathway initially catalyzed by the action of a specific enzyme, lipoxygenase. The arachidonic acid serves as the raw material and the leukocytes as the primary synthesizer.

Significance

• Leukotrienes play an important role in the immune defense of the body. They mediate inflammation in atherosclerosis and aid in blood clotting.

Diseases

• Diseases such as asthma and allergy are brought about by the overproduction of leukotrienes, particularly cysteinyl leukotrienes. On the other hand, the non-cysteinyl leukotriene B4 is likely to cause chronic inflammation.

Treatment

• The asthma medication, Zyflo, works by inhibiting the synthesis of leukotriene. Medications like Singulair and Accolate interfere with leukotriene-receptor interactions.