External Fetoscopy: Maternal, Fetal, and Procedural Complications

External fetoscopy carries risks in three domains:

Maternal Complications

  • Bleeding, infection
  • Uterine rupture
  • Placental abruption
  • Amniotic fluid embolism

Fetal Complications

  • Preterm labor
  • Fetal injury
  • Fetal demise

Procedure-Related

  • Failure to visualize fetus
  • Cord entanglement
  • Amniotic fluid leak

Other

  • Anesthetic risks
  • Psychological stress

Rigorous patient selection and expert performance are essential to minimize adverse outcomes.

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