Why is fetal alcohol syndrome described as the leading preventable cause of mental retardation?

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the leading preventable cause of mental retardation because it is entirely preventable by avoiding alcohol consumption during pregnancy. FAS occurs when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol, and the alcohol passes through the placenta to the fetus. Alcohol can damage the developing brain of the fetus, leading to a variety of lifelong physical, mental, and behavioral problems.

FAS is a serious public health problem, affecting an estimated 4,000 babies born in the United States each year. The effects of FAS can range from mild to severe, and can include:

* Mental retardation

* Learning disabilities

* Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

* Behavioral problems

* Growth problems

* Facial abnormalities

* Heart defects

* Kidney problems

There is no cure for FAS, but early intervention and treatment can help to improve the outcomes for children with FAS.

The best way to prevent FAS is to avoid alcohol consumption during pregnancy. If you are pregnant or thinking about becoming pregnant, talk to your doctor about the risks of alcohol consumption during pregnancy.