The Effect of Medication on Progression of Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a common term for several diseases of the eye characterized by damage to the optic nerve, which makes vision possible. Certain medications are commonly used to slow glaucoma's progressive effects.

The Facts

• According to the National Eye Institute, the most common form of glaucoma is called open-angle glaucoma, which involves damage to the optic nerve from a gradual buildup of fluid (intraocular pressure) in the front portion of the eye. Glaucoma can also occur in individuals with normal eye pressure.

Significance

• Glaucoma cannot be truly cured, but proper use of medications--along with regular evaluations--can significantly slow its progress and help preserve existing vision. Treatment may also prevent vision loss in early-stage glaucoma.

Effects of Medication

• The main effect of most glaucoma medications is a reduction in intraocular pressure. According to the Mayo Clinic, eye drops are frequently used as an initial treatment, followed by oral medications if needed.

Examples

• Examples of glaucoma eye drops include epinephrine compounds, beta blockers and alpha agonists. Examples of oral medications include methazolamide (Neptazane) and acetazolamide (Diamox Sequels).

Future Developments

• Researchers are currently studying medications to slow the progression of glaucoma in individuals with normal eye pressure. Examples here include memantine (Namenda) and brimonidine (Alphagan).