Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN): Understanding the Primary Causes

1. Hypoperfusion. This is the most common cause of ATN. It occurs when the kidneys do not receive enough blood flow, which can be caused by a number of factors, including:

* Heart failure

* Shock

* Dehydration

* Severe burns

* Major surgery

2. Nephrotoxins. These are substances that can damage the kidneys. Some common nephrotoxins include:

* Antibiotics (such as gentamicin and vancomycin)

* Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (such as ibuprofen and naproxen)

* Contrast dyes used in imaging studies

* Chemotherapy drugs

* Heavy metals (such as lead and mercury)

* Illicit drugs (such as cocaine and heroin)