Tenosynovitis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Tenosynovitis is inflammation of the synovial sheath surrounding a tendon. It causes pain, swelling, and restricted movement along the affected tendon.

Common Sites

• Wrist (De Quervain's tenosynovitis)
• Hand/fingers (trigger finger)
• Ankle/foot (peroneal, tibialis posterior)
• Elbow, shoulder

Causes & Risk Factors

• Repetitive motion/overuse: Typing, assembly work, sports (tennis, golf)
• Acute injury: Direct trauma or sudden strain
• Inflammatory conditions: Rheumatoid arthritis, gout, diabetes
• Infection: Rare, but possible via puncture wounds
• Poor ergonomics, aging, certain antibiotics (fluoroquinolones)

Symptoms

• Pain along tendon, worse with movement
• Swelling, warmth, tenderness
• Stiffness, especially morning
• Crepitus (grating sensation)
• Triggering/locking of finger (trigger finger)

Treatment

• Rest & activity modification: Avoid aggravating movements
• Splinting/bracing: Immobilize affected area
• Ice/heat therapy
• NSAIDs: Oral or topical (ibuprofen, diclofenac gel)
• Corticosteroid injection: Highly effective for persistent cases
• Physical therapy: Stretching, strengthening, ergonomic training
• Surgery: Rare; for refractory cases or infection (sheath release)

Prevention

Ergonomic adjustments, regular breaks, proper technique, and gradual activity progression reduce recurrence risk.