Esophagus Muscles: Understanding How Food Travels Downward

The muscle that helps move food down the esophagus is called the smooth muscle. Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles, which means they work without conscious control. They are found in many parts of the body, including the digestive system, respiratory system, and urinary system.

In the esophagus, smooth muscles are arranged in two layers: an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer. The circular layer constricts the esophagus, while the longitudinal layer shortens it. These contractions create a wave-like motion called peristalsis, which propels food down the esophagus and toward the stomach.