Lysosomes: Cellular Digestion Organelles & Enzymatic Functions

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes capable of breaking down proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. They function as the cell’s waste disposal and recycling center, digesting macromolecules, worn-out organelles, and engulfed pathogens. Their acidic internal pH optimizes enzyme activity. Lysosomal dysfunction underlies several storage diseases.