Understanding GERD: Causes, Symptoms & Long-Term Risks

Acid reflux disease is technically known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). When the lower esophageal sphincter, which normally keeps stomach acid from backing up into the esophagus and mouth, is weakened or not functioning properly, contents of the stomach may reflux. If chronic, GERD can lead to a precursor for cancer of the esophagus. Symptoms are not always those of heartburn.

Significance

• Continued scarring of the esophageal tissues near the lower sphincter may lead to a stricture---a tightened ring in the esophagus that can make swallowing difficult.

Features

• Heartburn, a feeling of burning pain behind the breastbone, is the most common symptom. This sensation may progress to actual regurgitation of food.

Identification

• Besides obvious heartburn symptoms, there is an invasive medical test that--by inserting a tube down the esophagus--can measure the actual acid level of the organ.

Prevention/Solution

• Depending on the severity of acid reflux disease, antacids may control the problem. Histamine-2 blockers are the next step, followed by proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole or lansoprazole.

Warning

• Repeated irritation of the tissues of the esophagus can cause changes in the cells, forming a condition called Barrett's esophagus. Barrett's is a precancerous stage, although only a small percent of cases lead to cancer.