Nosebleed (Epistaxis) First Aid: Step-by-Step Control and Prevention

Most anterior nosebleeds stop with proper first aid.

Immediate Steps (Sit, Lean, Pinch)

1. Sit upright, lean slightly forward (prevents swallowing blood).
2. Pinch soft part of nose (just below bony bridge) with thumb/index finger.
3. Hold firm, constant pressure 10–15 minutes—no peeking.
4. Breathe through mouth.
5. Apply ice pack to nasal bridge/cheeks (vasoconstriction).

After Bleeding Stops

• Avoid blowing, picking, straining, hot liquids for 24 hrs.
• Use saline spray/gel to moisturize.
• Humidify bedroom air.

Seek Medical Care If

• Bleeding >20–30 min despite pressure.
• Large volume, rapid flow, or posterior bleed (blood down throat).
• On anticoagulants, bleeding disorder, hypertension.
• Recurrent frequent episodes.

Medical Interventions

• Topical vasoconstrictors (oxymetazoline).
• Chemical cautery (silver nitrate).
• Nasal packing (anterior/posterior).
• Endoscopic ligation/embolization (refractory).

Prevention: humidity, saline, avoid trauma, manage underlying conditions.