Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Core Features, Diversity, and Strengths

Diagnostic Domains (DSM‑5)

• Social‑communication: Reciprocity, nonverbal cues, relationship development.
• Restricted/repetitive: Stereotypies, insistence on sameness, intense interests, sensory hyper/hypo‑reactivity.

Key Concepts

• Spectrum: Vast heterogeneity—support needs range from minimal to 24/7 care.
• Strengths: Pattern recognition, deep focus, honesty, systematic thinking.
• Co‑occurring: ADHD, anxiety, GI issues, epilepsy, intellectual disability (not universal).

Support

Early intervention (speech, OT, behavioral), individualized education (IEP), accommodations, neurodiversity‑affirming therapies. Acceptance > normalization.