| | Cancer | Gastric Cancer
Esophageal Cancer Prognosis: Survival by Stage and Treatment Advances
5-Year Relative Survival (SEER)
- Localized (confined to esophagus): ~47% (not 70% – earlier data overestimated).
- Regional (nodes/adjacent): ~26%.
- Distant (metastatic): ~6%.
- All stages combined: ~21%.
Prognostic Factors
- Stage (TNM) – most powerful.
- Histology (adenocarcinoma vs. squamous).
- Grade, lymphovascular invasion.
- Performance status, comorbidities.
- Treatment: trimodality (neoadjuvant chemoradiation → surgery) improves resectable disease survival.
- Molecular markers (HER2, PD-L1, MSI) guide targeted/immunotherapy in advanced disease.
Current Landscape
Outcomes improving with neoadjuvant FLOT chemotherapy, immunotherapy (nivolumab/pembrolizumab) for advanced/metastatic, and minimally invasive esophagectomy. Multidisciplinary esophageal cancer programs optimize staging, treatment selection, and supportive care.
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