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Melanin and Skin Cancer: Protection Is Not Prevention
Melanin is a photoprotective pigment that absorbs and scatters UV radiation, reducing DNA damage. However:
- It does not block all UV: UV-A penetrates deeply; UV-B still reaches basal layer.
- SPF equivalent: Darker skin (Fitzpatrick V–VI) has inherent SPF ~10–13, insufficient for prolonged exposure.
- Skin cancer occurs in all skin tones: Melanoma in darker skin often presents on palms, soles, nails (acral lentiginous), with later diagnosis and worse outcomes.
Universal Sun Safety
- Broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen, reapplied every 2 hours.
- Protective clothing (UPF-rated), wide-brim hats, UV-blocking sunglasses.
- Seek shade 10 AM–4 PM.
- Monthly self-exams; annual dermatologist checks.
Melanin is a partial shield—not a guarantee. Everyone benefits from sun protection.
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