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Ovarian Follicle Development: From Primordial to Ovulation
Folliculogenesis is the process of ovarian follicle maturation, essential for fertility.
- Primordial follicle: Oocyte + single layer of flattened granulosa cells; present at birth, dormant.
- Primary follicle: Granulosa cells become cuboidal; zona pellucida forms.
- Secondary follicle: Multiple granulosa layers; theca cells appear (androgen synthesis).
- Antral (Graafian) follicle: Follicular fluid accumulates (antrum); granulosa cells differentiate into cumulus oophorus and mural granulosa. Dominant follicle selected.
- Ovulation: LH surge triggers follicular rupture, releasing secondary oocyte + cumulus cells into fallopian tube.
Regulated by FSH, LH, estrogen, inhibin, AMH. Disruption causes anovulation (e.g., PCOS).
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