Carcinogens: Definition, Exposure Routes, Types, and Prevention Strategies

Carcinogens are agents that damage DNA, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and cancer.

Exposure Routes

• Inhalation (chemicals, asbestos, smoke)
• Ingestion (contaminated food/water)
• Skin contact (chemicals, radiation)
• Injection (medical procedures)

Types

• Chemical compounds (industrial, pesticides, cosmetics)
• Radiation (ionizing: X-rays, gamma rays)
• Viral (HPV, HBV)

Prevention

Regulatory agencies (WHO, EPA, IARC) set exposure limits, promote awareness, and implement control measures to reduce cancer risk.