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Understanding Cancer: Causes, Risk Factors & Research
Cancer arises from interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors:
- Genetic mutations: Inherited (hereditary syndromes) or acquired (somatic). Disrupt cell growth control.
- Aging: Accumulated DNA damage, declining repair/immune surveillance.
- Environmental carcinogens: Tobacco smoke, UV, ionizing radiation, chemicals (asbestos, benzene, pesticides).
- Infections: HPV (cervical, HNSCC), HBV/HCV (liver), H. pylori (stomach).
- Lifestyle: Smoking, poor diet, obesity, inactivity, alcohol.
Risk factor presence ≠ certainty; multiple hits typically required. Susceptibility varies.
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