Basophils: Functions, Morphology, and Clinical Significance
Basophils are the least common circulating white blood cells (WBCs), derived from myeloid stem cells. They represent 0.5–1.0% of circulating WBCs and appear in peripheral blood as fully differentiated end cells.
Clinical Significance
- Increased counts (>2%): Seen in allergic conditions, chronic inflammatory diseases (e.g., ulcerative colitis), after exercise, adrenaline injection, or emotional stress.
- Decreased counts: Less clinically significant; can occur with acute stress, corticosteroid use, or severe infection.
Cellular Characteristics
- Granules: Abundant dark blue–black cytoplasmic granules containing histamine, serotonin, chondroitin sulfate, heparin, and other inflammatory mediators.
- Function: Central role in allergic reactions (IgE-mediated), defense against parasites, and other inflammatory responses.
Morphology
- Size: 8–12 µm
- Nucleus: Oval or kidney-shaped with deep notches
- Cytoplasm: Packed with basophilic granules
- Atypical basophils: Poorly granulated forms may appear in some leukemias.
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