What is the bone marrow transplant uses healthy cells from a compatible donor such as sibling?

Bone marrow transplantation, also called hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, is a medical procedure that replaces damaged or diseased bone marrow with healthy bone marrow stem cells. These stem cells can come from the patient themselves (autologous transplant), or from a compatible donor (allogeneic transplant).

In the case of an allogeneic transplant, the donor and recipient must be closely matched in order to reduce the risk of rejection. This means that the donor and recipient must have similar genetic markers, such as those found on the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex.

HLA markers are proteins that are expressed on the surface of all cells in the body. They help the immune system distinguish between the body's own cells and foreign cells. If the donor and recipient have different HLA markers, the recipient's immune system may attack the donor cells, leading to graft rejection.

To find a compatible donor, patients are typically matched with siblings or other close relatives who share similar HLA markers. If a compatible sibling donor cannot be found, patients may be able to find a match through a bone marrow donor registry.