Acute Leukemia Survival Rates: ALL 90% (Children) vs AML 60% (Children), Lower for Adults
5-Year Overall Survival (Contemporary Protocols)
| Type | Children | Adults |
|---|---|---|
| ALL (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia) | ~90% | ~40–50% |
| AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia) | ~60–70% | ~25–30% |
Prognostic Factors
- Age, WBC at diagnosis, cytogenetics (e.g., t(9;22) poor, hyperdiploid good), MRD (minimal residual disease) response.
- Allogeneic transplant for high-risk/relapsed.
Progress
Survival has doubled since 1970s due to risk-stratified chemo, CNS prophylaxis, supportive care, transplant, immunotherapy (blinatumomab, CAR-T for ALL). Adult outcomes improving with targeted agents (FLT3, IDH inhibitors) and venetoclax combinations.
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