HSG Test (Hysterosalpingography): Procedure, Purpose, and Results

HSG = Hysterosalpingography. An X-ray fluoroscopy procedure evaluating the uterine cavity and fallopian tube patency.

Procedure

1. Performed by radiologist or OB/GYN in radiology suite
2. Speculum inserted; cervix cleaned
3. Catheter placed through cervix into uterus
4. Iodinated contrast injected under fluoroscopy
5. Images captured as contrast fills uterus and tubes

Diagnoses

• Tubal blockage (proximal, distal, or complete)
• Uterine anomalies (septum, bicornuate, adhesions/synechiae)
• Polyps, fibroids (submucosal)
• Scarring (Asherman's syndrome)

Patient Experience

• Cramping during injection (like strong menstrual cramps)
• Pre-procedure NSAID often recommended
• Discharge/spotting for 1–2 days after
• Infection risk low (<1%); prophylactic antibiotics sometimes given

HSG is a key infertility workup test; also used for IUD localization or post-tubal ligation confirmation.