Metastatic Colon Cancer: Understanding Spread, Treatment & Outlook

Metastatic colon cancer is cancer of the colon and/or rectum that has spread to other areas of the body. Colon cancer metastasizes most often to the liver. It also may spread to areas of the lungs, bones or brain.

Significance

• Treatments for colon cancer that has metastasized will depend on the extent and the location of the cancer. Chemotherapy is the main treatment used for the metastases. If the cancer is confined to the liver or lung, surgery can be an option. Radiation may also be used to shrink tumors.

Symptoms

• Symptoms are not always present when colon cancer has metastasized. If symptoms do present, they can include belly pain, cramps, feeling full, change in bowel habits, blood in stool, weight loss, loss of appetite and fatigue.

Identification

• Metastatic colon cancer can be identified by blood work, chest X-rays, bone scans, CT scans, PET scan, MRI, ultrasounds and during a physical exam. A biopsy is usually indicated to confirm the diagnosis.

Prevention/Solution

• According to the American Cancer Society, colorectal cancer is the third-leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. A colonoscopy is recommended every three months to a year for patients diagnosed with colon cancer to assess signs of recurrence.

Considerations

• If the metastasized colon cancer cannot be surgically removed and is widespread, the five-year survival rate is 10 percent. Treatments are then designed to extend the quality of life and relieve symptoms.