Lingual Tonsil: Anatomy, Function, and Clinical Significance

Lingual tonsil = lymphoid tissue at the base of tongue (posterior 1/3), part of Waldeyer’s ring.

Anatomy

• Covered by respiratory epithelium with invaginations (crypts).
• Rich in B/T cells; produces IgA, IgG.
• Drains to deep cervical nodes.

Function

First-line immune defense against ingested/inhaled pathogens; antigen sampling, lymphocyte activation.

Clinical Conditions

• Lingual tonsillitis – sore throat, dysphagia, otalgia, “hot potato” voice.
• Hypertrophy – obstructive sleep apnea, globus sensation.
• Lymphoma – primary or systemic.
• Abscess – rare, airway risk.

Examination

Indirect laryngoscopy, flexible nasopharyngoscopy, or CT/MRI. Biopsy if neoplastic suspicion.