Rattlesnake Bite First Aid: Critical Do's & Don'ts

Call 911 immediately. Antivenom is the only definitive treatment. Time to treatment is the strongest predictor of outcome.

While Waiting for EMS

1. Stay calm: Minimize movement to slow venom spread.
2. Immobilize: Keep bitten limb at or slightly below heart level. Splint if possible.
3. Remove constrictions: Rings, watches, tight clothing before swelling progresses.
4. Mark leading edge: Circle swelling border with pen; note time. Repeat every 15–30 min.
5. Position comfortably: Supine if hypotensive; avoid elevation above heart (increases systemic absorption).

Absolute Don'ts (Harmful Myths)

• ❌ Cut/suction the wound.
• ❌ Apply tourniquet or constriction band.
• ❌ Ice or cold packs.
• ❌ Electric shock devices.
• ❌ Alcohol, caffeine, NSAIDs (may worsen coagulopathy).
• ❌ Attempt to capture/kill snake (risk of second bite; identification not required for antivenom).

Hospital Management

• CroFab or Anavip antivenom (Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab).
• Coagulation monitoring, wound care, compartment syndrome surveillance.
• Tetanus booster if indicated.

Even "dry bites" (no envenomation) require 8–24 hr observation.