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The Black Death's Impact on European Royalty
Royalty was not spared. The 1347–1351 pandemic killed monarchs across Europe:
- King Alfonso XI of Castile (1350)
- King Valdemar IV of Denmark (1375 — second wave)
- Queen Joan I of Navarre (1349)
- Numerous nobles, heirs, and courtiers
The plague's indiscriminate mortality reshaped dynasties, succession, and power structures—demonstrating that infectious disease transcends social hierarchy.
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