Bed Bugs: Identification, Bite Symptoms, and Eradication Steps

Bed Bugs (Cimex lectularius): Identification and Control

Identification

• Adults: 4–5 mm, reddish-brown, oval, flat (unfed) → elongated after feeding.
• Nymphs: Translucent, smaller; require blood meal to molt.
• Eggs: 1 mm, pearly white, glued in crevices.
• Signs: Fecal spots (black dots), shed skins, sweet musty odor.

Bite Reactions

• Pruritic erythematous papules, often linear ("breakfast, lunch, dinner").
• Reaction delayed hours to days; 30% have no reaction.
• Not known to transmit human pathogens.
• Secondary infection from scratching; anxiety, insomnia.

Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

1. Confirm: Professional inspection or interceptors.
2. Contain: Encase mattress/box spring; isolate bed (pull from wall, leg traps).
3. Clean: Wash/dry bedding/clothing on high heat (≥120°F/49°C). Vacuum thoroughly; discard bag.
4. Treat: Professional pesticide application (residual + dust) to cracks, crevices, baseboards. Heat treatment (whole-room ≥130°F) effective.
5. Monitor: Interceptors under legs; re-inspect 2–4 weeks.
6. Prevent: Inspect luggage after travel; avoid used furniture without inspection.

DIY foggers/bombs are ineffective and hazardous. Professional extermination is usually required.