Cold Sores: Causes and Myths Debunked

Cold sores (herpes labialis) are caused exclusively by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) (rarely HSV-2). They are not caused by eating pumice stone, chalk, or any food.

Triggers for reactivation: stress, illness, sun exposure, hormonal changes, immunosuppression. Antiviral creams (docosanol, acyclovir) or oral antivirals can shorten outbreaks if used early.