Helping an Intoxicated Person: Safe Monitoring and When to Call 911

There is no way to “sober someone up” quickly. Coffee, cold showers, or exercise do not lower blood alcohol concentration (BAC)—only time does. The priority is safety and recognizing life-threatening signs.

Immediate Actions

1. Stay with them. Do not leave an intoxicated person alone.
2. Position safely: Recovery position (on side) if unconscious or vomiting to prevent aspiration.
3. Monitor breathing: <8 breaths/min, irregular, or pauses >10 sec → CALL 911.
4. Check responsiveness: Unresponsive to painful stimulus (sternal rub) → CALL 911.
5. Prevent choking: Clear airway if vomiting; do not give food/water if not fully alert.

Supportive Care (If Stable)

• Keep warm (blanket); alcohol causes vasodilation → hypothermia risk.
• Offer water/sips if fully awake and not nauseated (prevents dehydration).
• Do NOT give caffeine, stimulants, or more alcohol.
• Do NOT induce vomiting (aspiration risk).

Red Flags: Call 911 Immediately

• Unconscious/unresponsive
• Slow/irregular breathing
• Cold, clammy, bluish skin
• Seizures
• Vomiting while unconscious
• Suspected head injury (fall, assault)
• Co-ingestion of other substances

After the Acute Episode

• Encourage follow-up with primary care or addiction specialist.
• Provide resources: SAMHSA Helpline 1-800-662-HELP (4357), AA, SMART Recovery.
• If pattern of dangerous use, express concern non-judgmentally: “I care about you and I’m worried.”

Medical amnesty/Good Samaritan laws in most states protect callers and the intoxicated person from minor possession charges when seeking emergency help.