Albinism Probability: Calculating the Chance of Offspring with a Heterozygous Parent

Albinism is typically autosomal recessive. Let A = normal pigment allele, a = albinism allele.

Cross: Heterozygous Mother (Aa) × Albino Father (aa)

	a	a
A	Aa (carrier)	Aa (carrier)
a	aa (albino)	aa (albino)

Outcomes:

• 50% Aa – phenotypically normal, carriers.
• 50% aa – affected with albinism.

Each pregnancy carries an independent 50% risk. Genetic counseling is recommended for family planning.