Lungs: Function, Gas Exchange & Breathing Explained

The lungs' primary function is gas exchange: oxygen in, carbon dioxide out.

Process

1. Inhalation/Exhalation: Diaphragm and intercostal muscles expand/contract chest cavity.
2. Gas Exchange: In alveoli, oxygen diffuses into capillaries; CO2 diffuses out.
3. Oxygen Transport: Hemoglobin in red blood cells carries oxygen to tissues.
4. CO2 Removal: Waste CO2 diffuses from tissues to blood to alveoli to be exhaled.
5. Blood pH Regulation: Exhaling more CO2 reduces acidity.

Additional Functions

• Voice production (airflow for vocal cords)
• Temperature regulation (exhaling warm air)
• Air storage and filtration (trachea/bronchi trap dust, pollutants, microbes)