Enterostomy: Surgical Creation of an Artificial Intestinal Opening

Definition

An enterostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening (stoma) from the intestine to the abdominal wall, diverting stool or allowing decompression.

Main Types

• Colostomy – From the colon (large bowel).
• Ileostomy – From the ileum (terminal small bowel).
• Jejunostomy – From the jejunum (proximal small bowel), often for feeding.

Common Indications

• Colorectal cancer resection
• Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's, ulcerative colitis)
• Trauma or perforation
• Congenital anomalies (imperforate anus)

Postoperative Care

Stoma care (pouching, skin protection), hydration/electrolyte monitoring (especially high-output ileostomies), dietary adjustments, and psychological support. Many enterostomies are temporary and later reversed.