NPO Guidelines for Appendectomy: Pre- and Post-Operative Fasting Instructions

NPO Before Surgery (Nil Per Os)

• Prevents aspiration of gastric contents during anesthesia induction—reduces morbidity and mortality.
• Reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).
• Prevents bowel distension (air/fluid), giving the surgeon a clearer operative field.
• Reduces infection risk.
• Empty stomach facilitates intubation and reduces regurgitation/aspiration risk.

NPO After Surgery

• Limits gastrointestinal activity, allowing the bowel to rest and heal.
• Prevents bowel obstruction from adhesions.
• Prevents anastomotic leaks and infection.
• Minimizes nausea, vomiting, ileus, and electrolyte imbalance.
• Prevents bowel distension, allowing surgical closures (sutures/staples) to heal properly.

Note: Modern Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols may shorten preoperative fasting (clear liquids until 2 hours pre-op) and advance postoperative diet earlier based on bowel function. Always follow your surgical team's specific orders.