Holmium Laser Surgery for Bladder Stones: Risks and Side Effects

Holmium laser lithotripsy is a minimally invasive procedure that uses laser energy to fragment bladder stones for removal. While generally safe and effective, potential side effects and complications include:

Common Side Effects

• Temporary Discomfort: Mild pain in lower abdomen or urethra, manageable with medication.
• Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Increased risk due to urethral/bladder irritation; antibiotics often prescribed prophylactically.
• Bleeding: Usually minor and self-limiting; rarely significant requiring intervention.
• Bladder Spasms: Temporary irritation causing urgency, frequency, discomfort.

Less Common Complications

• Urethral Stricture: Narrowing of the urethra from instrument trauma.
• Bladder Perforation: Rare; may require additional surgery.
• Stone Fragment Migration: Fragments may move into ureters, causing obstruction.
• Incomplete Stone Removal: May necessitate repeat procedure.
• Allergic Reaction: To contrast dye (rare).
• Laser-Induced Tissue Damage: Thermal injury to surrounding tissue (minimized by laser precision).
• Long-Term Complications: Recurrent stones, incontinence, erectile dysfunction (very rare).

Discuss all risks with your urologist before surgery to make an informed decision.