Physical Examination: Essential First Steps for Clinicians

The first crucial phase of a physical exam is preparation and information gathering:

1. Hand hygiene & equipment – wash hands; gather stethoscope, BP cuff, reflex hammer, gown.
2. Introduction & consent – introduce yourself, explain purpose, obtain consent, build rapport.
3. Medical history – current symptoms, past illnesses, medications, allergies, social/family history.
4. Vital signs – temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure (baseline data).
5. Positioning & draping – ensure comfort, privacy, and exposure of relevant areas.
6. General inspection – observe appearance, consciousness, body habitus, distress signs.

This foundation ensures a systematic, patient-centered examination.