How to Control Dandruff: Medicated Shampoos, Washing Routine, and Scalp Treatments

Dandruff (Seborrheic Dermatitis) Management

1. Medicated shampoo: Zinc pyrithione (Head & Shoulders), selenium sulfide (Selsun Blue), ketoconazole (Nizoral), ciclopirox, coal tar, salicylic acid. Rotate agents if resistance develops. Leave on 3–5 min before rinsing.
2. Wash frequency: Daily to every 2–3 days; over-washing can irritate, under-washing allows scale buildup.
3. Thorough rinsing: Residue irritates scalp.
4. Avoid scratching: Damages skin barrier, worsens inflammation. Use fingertips to massage.
5. Conditioner: Apply to hair shafts only (not scalp) to reduce dryness.
6. Scalp treatments: Salicylic acid (exfoliates), coal tar (slows keratinocyte turnover), tea tree oil (antifungal).
7. Limit styling products: Gels, sprays, pomades can occlude follicles and irritate.
8. Treat underlying conditions: Seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema, tinea capitis require specific therapy. See dermatologist if OTC fails after 4–6 weeks.

Dandruff is chronic but controllable. Consistency is key.